Animal research has been used for several centuries as part of efforts to better understand the world around us. More than 100,000,000 animals a year are used in animal testing, most of them put down / once they are have been experimented on.[1]
put down : kill an animal because it is sick, injured, or old.
| synonyms: | destroy, put to sleep, put out of its misery, put to death, kill, euthanize "the horse had to be put down" |
The drugs industry spends a significant amount of time conducting research on animals. As few drugs go successfully from development to sale, over 5.75 million animals are used for each successful new drug. Chemical safety testing uses less animals, in some cases none at all, / each using less than a thousand per chemical.
conduct 실행하다 none at all 전혀
While most research is classed as causing little pain or suffering to the animals, in the USA in 2010 / just short of 100,000 animals were used for experiments likely to cause pain or suffering with no use of painkillers or sedatives.
short of = less than / sedatives 진정제
The difference between us and other animals is a matter of degree rather than type [2]. Their bodies resemble ours, as do their ways of conveying meaning. They recoil from pain, appear to express fear of a tormentor, and appear to take pleasure in activities; a point clear to anyone who has observed a pet dog on hearing the word “walk”.
matter of degree 정도 resemble 닮다 convey 닮다 recoil 아파서 움찔하다 tormentor 괴롭히는 사람 take pleasure 즐기다
We believe other people experience feelings like us because they are like us in appearance and behaviour. An animal sharing our anatomical, physiological, and behavioural characteristics is surely likely to have feelings like us.
anatomical 해부학의 physiological 생리학의 behavioral 행동의
If people have a right to not be harmed, we must ask ourselves what makes animals different? If animals feel what we feel, and suffer like us, to condemn one to testing because of them being of a different species is similar to racism or sexism.
harm 피해를 끼치다 condemn 비난하다 racism 인종차별 sexism
Humans have large brains, form social groups, communicate and are generally worthy of moral consideration. We also are aware of ourselves and of the nature of death. Some animals have some of these characteristics but not all so should not have the same rights. In harming animals to benefit humans, we enter in to a good moral trade-off to create a greater good.
benefit 이롭게 하다, 이익을 주다 trade-off 거래, 교환